Communal ism become rooted in modern-day financial, political and social establishments where new identifies have been rising in a haphazard way whilst the antique, pre-cutting-edge identities had now not diminished. A clash of this essential dichotomy gave rise to a communal ideology. 


1. Socio-monetary reasons - The professional lessons and the bourgeoisie emerged later among the Muslim than a number of the Hindus. There changed into rivalry for jobs, trade and industry among the two communities. The Muslim bourgeoisie used the decrease middle training of the Muslims in opposition to the Hindus bourgeoisie to in addition their lessons hobbies. Because of the monetary backwardness of India and rampant unemployment, there was ample scope for the colonial government to apply concessions, favors and reservation to gas communal and separatist dispositions. Also, current political cognizance was late in growing many of the Muslims and the dominance of conventional reactionary factors over the Muslims loads helped a communal outlook to take root. 


2. British policy of divide and rule - Muslims have been usually regarded upon with suspicion to begin with, especially after the Wahhabi and 1857 revolts, and had been subjected to repression and discrimination by using the government. Also, the introduction of English schooling had undermined Arabic and Persian getting to know, which brought in addition to the economic backwardness and exclusion of the Muslims from carrier. 

The government used individuals like Sir Syed Ahmed Khan to counter the developing influence of the Congress. Sir Syed Khan had a broadminded and reformist outlook to start with, however later he commenced assisting the colonial authorities, exhorting the Muslim to stay far from the Congress and no longer to get politicized. He additionally began speaking of separate pursuits of Hindus and Muslims. 


3. Communal ism in history writing - Initially counseled by means of the imperialist historians and later tailored via a few chauvinist Indian historians, the communal interpretation of Indian records portrayed the historic phase because the Hindu phase and the medieval section as the Muslim phase. The war of ruling training at some stage in the medieval segment were distorted and exaggerated as Hindu-Muslim war. 


4. Side effects of social and spiritual moves - Reform motion which includes Wahhabi Movement among Muslims and clean among Hindus with their militant Overtones made the position of religion extra vulnerable to communal ism. Reforms, at times, have been visible as a process of insulating one network from the have an impact on of any other religious community. 

5. Side effects of militant nationalism - The early nationalists made conscious efforts to put off minority fears. Dadabhai, presiding over the second one Congress session (1886), declared the intentions of the congress not to elevate social and religious questions in its boards. In 1889, the Congress determined now not to take in any difficulty adversarial by way of the Muslims. But later, with the approaching militant nationalism, a distinct Hindu nationalist tinge become palpable inside the nationalist politics. For example, Ganapati gala's and anti cow slaughter marketing campaign created much suspicion.


Country movement with the elements like dips inside the Gang and modern terrorism with oath taking earlier than goddesses had been rarely likely to enthused Muslims into those campaign in big way.